Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide release from sodium perborate The resulting products can often be isolated in stable solid forms that hydrolyse readily to give hydrogen peroxide, providing opportunity to formulate hydrogen peroxide in granular detergents.įigure B.1.I.8. Hydrogen peroxide can be derivatised to form compounds capable of acting as a source of active oxygen by reacting with many compounds such as borates, pyrophosphates, carbonates, sulphates, silicates and organic compounds such as carboxylates and amides. In an attempt to reduce such problems, especially with respect to the transition-metal catalysed route, hydrogen peroxide or its derivatives is in most commercial applications formulated together with additives such as transition-metal-chelating agents. Likewise, other easily oxidisable substances may promote wasteful hydrogen peroxide decomposition, as can catalase, an enzyme which is almost invariably present on garments worn in contact with the skin, and which catalyses the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide.
In addition, decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can also occur readily in the presence of certain transition metal ions such as Fe, Mn or Cu.
#Hydrogen peroxide uses free#
The most stable form of hydrogen peroxide is its undissociated form of the peracid (HOOH, pKa = 11.6), and as a result, most commercial products containing free hydrogen peroxide are formulated at acidic pH. The perhydroxyl anion (HO − 2) is believed to be the active bleaching species.
One drawback is that for hydrogen peroxide to be effective, alkaline conditions and suitably elevated temperatures of about 50☌ or more are needed. It is a very selective bleaching agent as it causes less textile fibre damage compared to many bleaching systems and tends to be less aggressive on fabric dyes, detergent enzymes and optical brighteners. The positive aspects of hydrogen peroxide include the fact that it is highly environment-friendly (decomposes to O 2 and H 2O), colourless and non-corrosive. Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most common bleaching agents. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) was discovered in 1818 and has been commercially available since the nineteenth century.
Lieva van Langenhove, in Handbook for Cleaning/Decontamination of Surfaces, 2007 5.2.1.
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